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Graphical user interfaces with Tk turtle Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an import turtle, give it the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the command turtle.right(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise. © Python Software Foundation. PSF License Version 2 · Official docs ↗
Symbols in turtle a addshape Add a turtle shape to the TurtleScreen’s shape list. b back Move the turtle backward by distance, opposite to the direction the turtle is headed. backward Move the turtle backward by distance, opposite to the direction the turtle is headed. begin_fill To be called just before drawing a shape to be filled. begin_poly Start recording the vertices of a polygon. bgcolor Return or set the background color of the TurtleScreen. bgpic Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage. bk Move the turtle backward by distance, opposite to the direction the turtle is headed. bye Close the turtle graphics window. c circle Draw a circle with the given radius. clear Delete the turtle’s drawings from the screen. clearscreen Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen. clearstamps Delete all or first/last n of turtle’s stamps. clone Create and return a clone of the turtle. color Return or set the pencolor and fillcolor. colormode Return the colormode or set it to 1.0 or 255. d degrees Set the angle measurement units to degrees. delay Return or set the drawing delay in milliseconds. distance Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y) in turtle step units. done Start the event loop by calling Tkinter’s mainloop() method. dot Draw a circular dot with diameter size, using color. e end_fill Fill the shape drawn after the last call to begin_fill(). end_poly Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. exitonclick Bind bye() method to mouse clicks on the Screen. f fd Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction the turtle is headed. fill Fill the shape drawn in the with turtle.fill(): block. filling Return True if the turtle is filling, False otherwise. forward Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction the turtle is headed. g get_poly Return the last recorded polygon. get_shapepoly Return the current shape polygon as tuple of coordinate pairs. getcanvas Return the Canvas of this TurtleScreen. getpen Return the Turtle object itself. getscreen Return the TurtleScreen object the turtle is drawing on. getshapes Return a list of names of all currently available turtle shapes. goto Move the turtle to an absolute position. h heading Return the turtle’s current heading. home Move the turtle to the origin, coordinates (0,0). ht Make the turtle invisible. i isdown Return True if the pen is down, False if it’s up. isvisible Return True if the turtle is visible, False if it’s hidden. l left Turn the turtle left by the specified angle. listen Set focus on TurtleScreen (in order to collect key-events). lt Turn the turtle left by the specified angle. m mainloop Start the event loop by calling Tkinter’s mainloop() method. mode Set the turtle mode and perform a reset. n numinput Pop up a dialog window for input of a number. o onclick Bind fun to mouse-click events on this screen. ondrag Bind fun to mouse-move events on this turtle. onkey Bind fun to key-release event of key. onkeypress Bind fun to key-press event of key if key is given, or to any key-press-event if no key is given. onrelease Bind fun to mouse-button-release events on this turtle. ontimer Install a timer that calls fun after t milliseconds. p pen Return or set the pen’s attributes in a “pen-dictionary” with the following key/value pairs: pensize Return or set the line thickness. poly Record the vertices of a polygon drawn in the with turtle.poly(): block. pos Return the turtle’s current location (x,y) as a Vec2D vector. position Return the turtle’s current location (x,y) as a Vec2D vector. r radians Set the angle measurement units to radians. reset Delete the turtle’s drawings and re-center the turtle. resetscreen Reset all turtles on the screen to their initial state. resizemode Set the resizemode to “auto”, “user” or “noresize”. right Turn the turtle right by the specified angle. rt Turn the turtle right by the specified angle. s save Save the current turtle drawing (and turtles) as a PostScript file. Screen Subclass of TurtleScreen, with four methods added. screensize If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight). ScrolledCanvas Used by class Screen, which thus automatically provides a ScrolledCanvas as playground for the turtles. seth Set the turtle’s heading to to_angle. setpos Move the turtle to an absolute position. setup Set the size and position of the main window. setx Set the turtle’s x coordinate to x. sety Set the turtle’s y coordinate to y. shape Set the turtle shape to the named shape. Shape Data structure modeling shapes. shapesize Return or set the turtle’s stretch factors and outline width. shapetransform Set or return the current transformation matrix of the turtle shape. speed Return or set the turtle’s speed. st Make the turtle visible. stamp Stamp a copy of the turtle shape onto the canvas at the current turtle position. t teleport Teleport, or instantly move, the turtle to an absolute position. textinput Pop up a dialog window for input of a string. tilt Rotate the turtleshape by angle from its current tilt-angle, but do not change the turtle’s heading (direction of movement). tiltangle Set or return the current tilt-angle. title Set the title of the turtle window to titlestring. towards Return the angle of the line from the turtle’s position to (x,y). tracer Turn turtle animation on or off and set the drawing delay. Turtle Subclass of RawTurtle, has the same interface but draws on a default Screen object created automatically when needed for the first time. turtles Return the list of turtles on the screen. TurtleScreen Provides screen oriented methods like bgcolor() etc. turtlesize Return or set the turtle’s stretch factors and outline width. u undo Undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action(s). update Perform a TurtleScreen update. v Vec2D A two-dimensional vector class, used as a helper class for implementing turtle graphics. w width Return or set the line thickness. write Write text - the string representation of arg - at the current turtle position according to align (“left”, “center” or “right”) and with the given font. write_docstringdict Create and write docstring-dictionary to a Python script with the given filename. x xcor Return the turtle’s x coordinate. y ycor Return the turtle’s y coordinate.
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