Return exp(x)-1. This function avoids the loss of precision involved in the direct evaluation of exp(x)-1 for small x.
>>> from math import exp, expm1 >>> exp(1e-5) - 1 # gives result accurate to 11 places 1.0000050000069649e-05 >>> expm1(1e-5) # result accurate to full precision 1.0000050000166668e-05
math/expm1
expm1